A new study reveals that plastic, even under best practices, contaminates soils with macro- and microplastics, harming critical soil functions. Sampling 12 California farms, researchers found significant plastic debris. To protect soil health and productivity, biodegradable alternatives to plastic mulch are urgently needed.
Scientists aim to engineer cereal crops like corn and rice to fix nitrogen directly from air, reducing fertilizer dependence. By identifying a minimal seven-gene pathway, they aim to embed nitrogen-fixing abilities into crops’ mitochondria and chloroplasts. This innovation could lower farming’s carbon footprint, combat hunger, and support space agriculture.
Barley plants produce unique antifungal compounds called hordedanes to defend against pathogens. Scientists identified 17 hordedanes that inhibit fungal growth, but a pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana, exploits these defenses to thrive. By neutralizing hordedanes, it extends its parasitic phase, showcasing the complex evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens.
Researchers have achieved the most detailed genome assembly of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) to date, creating a chromosome-scale reference genome. This resource could revolutionize breeding for climate-smart agriculture. With improved accuracy, the genome reveals insights into drought resilience and supports development of safer, more sustainable crop varieties.
Researchers found that honey bee apiaries and urban areas reduce populations of certain native bees, particularly ground-nesters and late-season foragers. Six of 33 studied bee genera were affected, notably Svastra and Florilegus. Strategies like planting late-blooming flowers and preserving ground for nesting could support vulnerable bee populations.
Certification empowers producers to meet international quality, safety, and sustainability standards, expanding their market access. It assures consumers of ethical and environmentally friendly practices, supporting food safety and product reliability. Training programs also guide farmers in certification requirements, building trust, fostering sustainable agriculture, and enhancing competitiveness in the global marketplace.
A study reveals that treed field borders around crops significantly boost populations of hoverflies—key insects for pollination and pest control. Compared to grassy borders, treed edges supplied over 33 times more hoverflies, supporting crop yields and pest reduction. This strategy aids sustainable agriculture while enhancing biodiversity.
A growing push for agricultural modernization is addressing the need for sustainable practices and climate change adaptation. Many farmers lack access to relevant knowledge, hindering progress. Educational initiatives offering courses on sustainable farming and modern production methods aim to bridge this gap, enhancing productivity, sustainability, and profitability across the agri-food sector.
Researchers have uncovered genetic traits in wild tomatoes, specifically *Solanum pimpinellifolium*, that enhance salt stress tolerance. By analyzing plant vigor, shoot mass, and transpiration rates, they identified new genes linked to resilience in salty soils. These findings could inform breeding strategies to create more salt-tolerant crops, boosting agricultural sustainability.
Researchers have significantly improved maize transformation efficiency using ternary vectors and morphogenic regulators. This advancement enhances gene-editing research and potential agricultural applications by overcoming a major bottleneck in maize transformation frequency.
