Scientists discovered that autophagy, a cellular clean-up process, is crucial for plant root growth. This mechanism, also found in fasting humans, optimizes the “heartbeat” of root tips, aiding water and nutrient absorption. Better understanding this process could enhance crop resilience to climate change.
Like forests, grassland provides numerous ecological, economic and social benefits. Researchers have investigated ways to maintain and improve these benefits.
“Glowing” plants may predict flash droughts by emitting solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), detected by NASA satellites. Increased plant productivity before a drought reduces soil moisture, indicating risk. These early signals, visible from space, could provide up to three months’ warning, aiding mitigation efforts and improving agricultural planning.
Fine roots from four tree species in a 26-year common garden study showed distinct microbiome and metabolome differences. Sequencing revealed that bacteria and fungi on root surfaces and surrounding soil differ significantly between absorptive and transportive fine roots. This emphasizes the need to consider root function in root-microbial interaction studies.
Scientists developed a system to create tomato plants with the full genetic material of both parents. By replacing meiosis with mitosis, they produced clonal sex cells, enabling offspring with complete parental genomes. This technique promises more robust, high-yield crops, potentially transforming agricultural practices.
Researchers mapped 971 cauliflower genomes, revealing its evolutionary history from broccoli. They identified key genes, including CAL1, CAL2, and FUL2, crucial for the plant’s unique curds. This genomic insight may enhance future cauliflower breeding for better nutrition and resource efficiency.
Researchers developed a web-based tool for rapidly identifying genes regulating plant traits without experiments. Using machine learning on vast datasets, the tool predicts transcription factors that control traits like seed oil biosynthesis. This approach can be applied to various crops, streamlining genetic improvements for food and biofuel production.
Plants utilize the drought hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to block spider mites, a major pest, by closing stomata within hours of infestation. This response, typically for water conservation, also prevents mites from accessing nutrients. These findings, using the ABACUS2 biosensor, may guide future crop breeding for enhanced pest resistance.
An international team has sequenced the genomes of Zygnema algae, the closest relatives of land plants. This breakthrough illuminates how early plants adapted to terrestrial environments 550 million years ago, paving the way for all land-based life, including humans. The findings offer insights into plant evolution and potential applications in bioenergy and climate resilience.
Scientists have discovered how a sugar-sensing protein, KIN10, controls plant growth and oil production by acting as a molecular switch. When sugar levels are high, KIN10 activates pathways for growth and oil production. Understanding this mechanism could help engineer plants for increased oil production, potentially benefiting biofuel development.
